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1.1
date	2017.10.30.12.02.51;	author root;	state Exp;
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@This document (मन्दाकिनियां) is re-created by administrator on 20 August 2017
@


1.1
log
@Initial revision
@
text
@{
    "_id": {
        "$oid": "59b65b302c47962c1d00184a"
    },
    "_type": "GSystem",
    "access_policy": "PUBLIC",
    "altnames": "\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902",
    "annotations": [],
    "attribute_set": [],
    "author_set": [
        1
    ],
    "collection_set": [],
    "comment_enabled": null,
    "content": "<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0906\u092a \u0936\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0927\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u091c\u0917\u0939 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0924\u094b \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 2</strong> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0932\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940 \u091a\u092e\u0915\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948| \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u093c\u0947\u0926 \u0930\u094b\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0941\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902|</span></p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><img alt=\"U3L4_Fig2\" src=\"/media/4/e/8/190e75061a7355de32ca82b561a4633b28ce805f5dd9c996cea44274407db.png\" style=\"border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; width: 400px;\" />\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-7ecfee81-12f7-e905-ee94-57caea23d631\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 2: \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u091c\u093e\u0930\u093e</b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0935 \u091c\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091f\u0938\u0928- \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0930, \u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u0940\u0935\u093e\u092f 2.0, <a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23906915\" target=\"_blank\">https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23906915</a></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u092e\u0915\u0940\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948| \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0939\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0932\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0913 \u0917\u0948\u0932\u093f\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u0948| \u090f\u0915 \u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u093f\u0915, \u0907\u092e\u0948\u0928\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091f, \u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0924 \u0930\u0916\u093e, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u093e: \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948; \u092f\u0939 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915\u091c\u0941\u091f \u0939\u0948, \u092e\u0917\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0932 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u0948| \u0939\u092e \u091c\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0915\u094d\u0936\u093e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 (<strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 3</strong>)| \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u091a\u092a\u091f\u0947 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0939\u0948| \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0902\u0921\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0941\u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u0948 (\u0928\u0915\u093c\u094d\u0936\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093f\u090f)| \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 100,000 \u0938\u0947 180,000 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u0948| \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948| \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940| \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u092c \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u092e\u0917\u0930 6 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091c\u092c \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u092c \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948|</span><br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 3: \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u0915\u094d\u0936\u093e</b></span><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<img alt=\"U3L4_Fig3a\" src=\"/media/9/1/0/5b744ad89f5c1c054fb56c461d06980bda439c6d0b7fbe111fe71abdeb7b4.png\" style=\"border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; width: 400px;\" /><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 3\u0915: \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u091c\u093e\u0930\u093e<sup>5</sup></b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e/\u091c\u0947\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0932 \u2013 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u091f\u0947\u0915/\u092b\u093c\u0947\u0921\u0930\u0932 \u092f\u0942\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0911\u092b\u093c \u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0921\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0932 - <a href=\"http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/PIA19341.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/PIA19341.jpg</a>, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928, <a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40704119\" target=\"_blank\">https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40704119</a></span><br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p><img alt=\"U3L4_Fig3b\" src=\"/media/3/d/e/e107af26721c0b4c984eba7dd7fc0d2c959f67950988908336020ac9919f4.png\" style=\"border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; width: 400px;\" /><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 3\u0916: \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 (\u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u091c\u093e\u0930\u093e)<sup>6</sup></b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u0907\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0930 \u091c\u0947 \u0939\u0949\u0932 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e, \u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0938\u090f 3.0, <a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52696960\" target=\"_blank\">https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52696960</a></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0915\u0908 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0917 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0924\u0947 \u0925\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948| \u092e\u0917\u0930 1920 \u0926\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u0921\u0935\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u092c\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0909\u0902\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0938\u0928 (\u0905\u092e\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e) \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0930\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0902\u0926\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e| \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 2,20,000 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 25 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u0948 (<strong>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 4</strong>)| \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0915\u0947\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u0928\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0916\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092e\u0917\u0930 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948|</span><br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p><img alt=\"U3L4_Fig4\" src=\"/media/5/0/1/31b0ead0ac29cfec77996125e0fd41f29490832e73c27215f41d9edbd29a5.png\" style=\"border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; width: 400px;\" /><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 4: \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u091c\u0926\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0940, \u090f\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0921\u093e, \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 25 \u0932\u093e\u0916 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u0948</b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u090f\u0921\u092e \u0907\u0935\u0902\u0938 \u2013 M31, \u090f\u0902\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0921\u093e \u092e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0928\u0940 (\u090f\u091a-\u0905\u0932\u094d\u092b\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925)| \u0928\u0949\u091f\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0949\u092e\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908, \u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f 2.0, <a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12654493\" target=\"_blank\">https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12654493</a></span><br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-5b2de1c2-12fe-15ba-99f3-03c6b19e7a24\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u092e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902:</span></p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</div>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0939\u093e\u090a \u092e\u0948\u0928\u0940 \u0917\u0948\u0932\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0906\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u092f\u0930? (\u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u093e\u0915\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902?): &nbsp;<a href=\"https://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1620a/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1620a/</a></span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">&nbsp;</div>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0928: \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0906\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0935\u093f\u091c\u093c\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0908\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928: \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0938\u0930 (<a href=\"https://martin-kornmesser.de/\" target=\"_blank\">martin-kornmesser.de</a>)</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0915: \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0906\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930, \u090f\u0932\u093f\u090f\u0928\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0925\u093e\u0945\u092e\u0938 \u092c\u0948\u0930\u0947\u091f</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u091c: \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0940\u0938 \u0926 \u0915\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093e</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0924\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0930\u0947\u0902: \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e, \u0908\u090f\u0938\u090f/\u0939\u092c\u0932, \u090f\u092e. \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0938\u0930</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b: \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e, \u0908\u090f\u0938\u090f/\u0939\u092c\u0932</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u090f\u0928\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0936\u0928: \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e, \u0908\u090f\u0938\u090f/\u0939\u092c\u0932, \u090f\u092e. \u0915\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0938\u0930, \u090f\u0932. \u0915\u0948\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0921\u093e</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0924: \u091c\u094b\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0940. \u092e\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0932 (<a href=\"http://www.johanmonell.com/\" target=\"_blank\">www.johanmonell.com</a>)</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0935\u0947\u092c \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e: \u092e\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0906\u0938 \u0906\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0915\u0947\u0932 \u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940 \u0936\u093f\u0921\u093e</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e: \u0932\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0921\u092c\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0928\u0938\u0928 </span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:12px;\"><sup>5</sup>\u092f\u0939 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948| \u0939\u092e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u094b \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0915\u093c\u094d\u0936\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948|<br />\r\n<sup>6</sup>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936\u0917\u0902\u0917\u093e \u0915\u094b \u2018\u090a\u092a\u0930\u2019 \u092f\u093e \u2018\u0915\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0930\u0947\u2019 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948| \u0938\u0939\u0942\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0928 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0907\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0939\u092e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0925\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092f\u093e \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947|</span><br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n</div>\r\n",
    "content_org": "<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">If you go to a dark place, away from city lights, you might notice a hazy luminous band as shown in <strong>Figure 2</strong> in the sky. Because of its whitish appearance, it is called the Milky Way.</span></p>\r\n<br />\r\n<br />\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>Figure 2: Milky way as seen from the Earth</b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Credit: By Steve Jurvetson - Flickr, CC BY 2.0, <a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23906915\" target=\"_blank\">https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23906915</a></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Since ancient times, people have wondered and speculated about this luminous band. In the 16th century Galileo Galilei looked at the Milky Way through his telescope and for the first time saw it as a collection of individual stars. Another thinker, Immanuel Kant correctly proposed that the Milky Way might be a rotating body of a huge number of stars, held together by gravitational forces akin to the Solar System but on much larger scales. All the stars we see are in our Milky Way. Scientists have calculated distances of many of the stars and have prepared a map of our Milky Way (<strong>Figure 2</strong>). The shape of the Milky Way is like a disk with a bulge at the centre and spiral arms in the outer parts. It so happens that our Sun is quite far from the centre of the Milky Way (Notice its position in the map). The &nbsp;diameter of the Milky Way varies between 100,000 and 180,000 light-years. Since the Earth is inside the disk, the disk appears as a band. Also, since we are away from the centre, the Milky Way appears thicker on one side and thinner on the other. That means that when the Earth is towards the centre of the Milky Way in its orbit, we see the thick band of the Milky Way, but after six months, when the Earth moves to the other side, we see a thin band of the Milky Way.</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>Figure 3: Map of the Milky Way</b></span></p>\r\n<br />\r\n<br />\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>Figure 3a: From above (Top view)<sup>5</sup></b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-3094c94f-fadd-5bb0-9df1-18d6a5c39447\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Credit: By NASA/JPL-Caltech/Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/jpeg/PIA19341.jpg, Public Domain, <a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40704119\" target=\"_blank\">https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40704119</a></span></p>\r\n<br />\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>Figure 3b: Profile (Side view)<sup>6</sup></b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-3094c94f-fadd-fa40-714d-1305839a2e4d\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Credit: By RJHall at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, <a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52696960\" target=\"_blank\">https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52696960</a></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">For several years, people thought that there is nothing outside the Milky Wway. But in the early 1920s, a scientist named Edwin Hubble could see other galaxies through a powerful telescope at Mount Wilson (USA). The neighboring galaxy, Andromeda, has a diameter of 2,20,000 light years, and it &nbsp;is about 2.5 million light years from the Earth (<strong>Figure 4</strong>). This is the only galaxy we can see with our naked eyes, but it appears just as a medium size star.</span></p>\r\n<br />\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>Figure 4: The closest galaxy, Andromeda is about 2.5 million light years from the Earth</b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Credit: By Adam Evans - M31, the Andromeda Galaxy (now with h-alpha) Uploaded by NotFromUtrecht, CC BY 2.0, <a href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12654493\" target=\"_blank\">https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12654493</a></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">So far scientists have observed Many galaxies. Galaxies have different shapes and sizes.<br />\r\nTo learn more about galaxies, watch the following video:</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">How many galaxies are there?: <a href=\"https://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1620a/\" target=\"_blank\">https://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1620a/</a></span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Credit: Directed by: Mathias J\u00e4ger</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Visual design and editing: Martin Kornmesser (<a href=\"https://martin-kornmesser.de/\">martin-kornmesser.de</a>)</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Written by: Mathias J\u00e4ger, Eleanor Spring, Thomas Barratt</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Narration: Sara Mendes da Costa</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Images: NASA, ESA/Hubble, M. Kornmesser</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Videos: NASA, ESA/Hubble</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Animations: NASA, ESA/Hubble, M. Kornmesser, L. Cal\u00e7ada</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Music: Johan B. Monell (www.johanmonell.com)</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Web and technical support: Mathias Andre and Raquel Yumi Shida</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">Executive producer: Lars Lindberg Christensen</span></p>\r\n<br />\r\n<br />\r\n&nbsp;",
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