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1.1
date	2018.03.14.16.52.30;	author root;	state Exp;
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@This document (1.3 गतिविधि : ग्रहों का परिक्रमण (रोल प्ले)) is re-created by blue-lobster-cc on 19 August 2017
@


1.1
log
@Initial revision
@
text
@{
    "_id": {
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    },
    "_type": "GSystem",
    "access_policy": "PUBLIC",
    "altnames": "1.3 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f : \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 (\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947)",
    "annotations": [],
    "attribute_set": [],
    "author_set": [],
    "collection_set": [],
    "comment_enabled": null,
    "content": "<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"/59b65b0f2c47962c1d001754/course/activity/detail/5aa2549b69602a0142b085f8\" target=\"_blank\">\u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0915\u094b\u0937</a></p>\r\n\r\n<p><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<img alt=\"Role\" icon=\"\" play=\"\" src=\"/media/b/5/0/86c57cca34baa1c92c77ad626770a7ddae5e205ec447675f6965a22c8fbbe.svg\" width=\"50\" />&nbsp;\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947&nbsp;:&nbsp;\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923<br />\r\n<br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f:</strong></span></p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0928\u094c \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0907\u090f| \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0928\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939|</span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0939\u0930 \u092c\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0915\u0930 \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f|</span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u095c\u0947 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0907\u090f| \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f, \u092c\u0941\u0927, ... \u0935\u0930\u0941\u0923 (\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092d\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902)|</span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947 (\u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0928\u091c\u0930\u0905\u0902\u0926\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0902)| \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0927 \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947|</span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092c\u093e\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u092c\u0941\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u091a\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0941\u0927 \u0938\u0947 \u0925\u094b\u095c\u093e \u0927\u0940\u092e\u093e| \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0925\u094b\u095c\u093e \u0927\u0940\u092e\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e| \u092c\u0943\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e| \u091c\u092c \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u0924\u092c \u092c\u0943\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 1/12\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0932\u0947\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e|</span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u091c\u0926\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948| \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u092c\u095d\u0924\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948| <strong>\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e 1</strong> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u094b\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0943\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 43 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u0941\u0923 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 4 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e! \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u095c\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f 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\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u0915\u0932\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e| \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094b\u0916\u093e \u0928\u091c\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0928!</span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 (\u092c\u0941\u0927, \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930, \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940, \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932) \u092c\u093e\u0939\u094d\u092f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 (\u092c\u0943\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f, \u0936\u0928\u093f, \u0905\u0930\u0941\u0923, \u0935\u0930\u0941\u0923) \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947| \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930, \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947| \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948| \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u0917\u094c\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u0940\u0928 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0924\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u092e\u0915\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902)| \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0924\u093f\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908| \u092e\u0917\u0930 \u0905\u092c \u0939\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u091a\u092e\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902! \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948? \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0915\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0917\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0918\u091f\u0940, \u0924\u094b \u0906\u092a \u0909\u0938\u092a\u0930 \u092d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u093f\u090f\u0917\u093e \u091c\u0930\u0941\u0930!</span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 2: \u092c\u0941\u0927 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0917\u092e\u0928</b></span><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<img alt=\"U3L1_Fig2a\" src=\"/media/d/9/7/bf58ad8a1a8c1f6e4f28d77593b7d5ecbd0936b31c1bdc2467318b133dd60.png\" style=\"border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; width: 400px;\" /><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 2\u0905: \u092c\u0941\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0917\u092e\u0928 (8 \u0928\u0935\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0930 2006 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0930)</b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:10px;\">(\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e - http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/solarsystem/20oct_transitofmercury.html \u0935\u0947\u092c\u0938\u093e\u0907\u091f \u092a\u0930 http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/162385main_Merctransit2006_sm.jpg, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1355554)</span><br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img alt=\"U3L1_Fig2b\" src=\"/media/a/3/b/3b65fe9550090710058c18f19c7a4856cc1ce87a84304b3ce80ab27dd4df9.png\" style=\"border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; width: 400px;\" /><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 2\u092c: \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0917\u092e\u0928 (8 \u091c\u0942\u0928 2012 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0930)</b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:10px;\">(\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e - https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sdo/multimedia/gallery/venus-transit-2012-first.html)</span><br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p><img alt=\"Draw\" src=\"/media/a/d/1/fc25e3cd5d0b41b40dc9094c22ea3fe0a797a4c9ff1c71cabf54807e0379b.svg\" width=\"50\" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size:14px;\">&nbsp; \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0917\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u093e \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0907\u090f| \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0907\u090f (\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948)| \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093f\u090f \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930:</span></p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u092c\u0941\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u0947|</span></li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0939\u094b (\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902)|</span></li>\r\n\t<li>\u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b|</li>\r\n\t<li>\u092c\u0943\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947|</li>\r\n\t<li>\u0936\u0928\u093f \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0926\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947|</li>\r\n\t<li>\u0905\u0930\u0941\u0923 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947|</li>\r\n\t<li>\u0935\u0930\u0941\u0923 \u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0936\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0937\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947|&nbsp;</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><span class=\"content_val\" itemprop=\"\"><span class=\"content_val\" itemprop=\"\"><span style=\"font-family: Mangal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u094b\u091f\u092c\u0941\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u091c\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u0943\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092a \u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0943\u092a\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u2013 </span><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-8e2df38f-9e37-05a8-dd79-574ed2df4650\" style=\"font-family: Mangal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 </span><span style=\"font-family: Mangal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 : \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 3 : \u092a\u093e\u0920 1: </span>\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f 1<span style=\"font-family: Mangal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0949\u0917\u093f\u0928 \u0906\u0908\u0921\u0940\u0964</span></span></span></span><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0928 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0909\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0930\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0947\u091c\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 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\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u095c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0948| \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0927\u092c\u094d\u092c\u093e \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0908 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948| \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0942\u095e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 350 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u091a\u0932 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948| \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0942\u095e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093f\u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948| \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u2018\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0949\u091f\u2019 (\u2018\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0932\u093e\u0932 \u0927\u092c\u094d\u092c\u093e\u2019) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902|</span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0936\u0928\u093f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091b\u0932\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0902 (\u0935\u0932\u092f\u094b\u0902) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u0948| \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u094c \u091b\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0927\u0942\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092b \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u0907\u0928 \u091b\u0932\u094d\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 1 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u0948! \u0936\u0928\u093f \u092d\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0926\u093e\u0928\u0935 \u0939\u0948| \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 0.7 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e/\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940<sup>3</sup> \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b\u0915\u093f \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948| \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u092c \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 1 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e/\u0938\u0947\u092e\u09403 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948| \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u0928\u093f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0948|</span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0938\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u0930\u0941\u0923 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0926 \u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0939\u0948| \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928, \u0939\u0940\u0932\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0940\u0925\u0947\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u094b\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948| \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u0941\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0947 \u0920\u0923\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u092e\u0915\u0930 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902| \u0905\u0930\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u0941\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948| \u0924\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0905\u0930\u0941\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947? \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u092a\u0930 \u090b\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u0906\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0940? \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947?</span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">\u0935\u0930\u0941\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0924\u0942\u092b\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948| \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c \u0939\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u0941\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (2,100 \u0915\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0918\u0902\u091f\u093e)| \u0907\u0938\u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0943\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0949\u091f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u2018\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0949\u091f\u2019 (\u2018\u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0927\u092c\u094d\u092c\u093e\u2019) \u0939\u0948|</span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 3: \u0938\u094c\u0930 \u092e\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0930\u0947\u0902</b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img alt=\"U3L1_Fig3a\" src=\"/media/3/d/6/3dacd827c84c55f4204e45560f58605e79e46625f54c9e2225a9465b984dc.png\" style=\"border-width: 2px; border-style: solid; width: 400px;\" /><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 3\u0915: \u092c\u0941\u0927</b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:10px;\">(\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e - &nbsp;https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/mercury/galleries)</span><br />\r\n<br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img alt=\"U3L1_Fig3b\" src=\"/media/d/3/0/31173af3c5be90b33f350a6b7676e2236c56d1e3ce06cc468b886dc86bfcd.png\" width=\"400\" /><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 3\u0916: \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930</b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:10px;\">(\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e - http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00104, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11826)</span><br />\r\n<br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img alt=\"U3L1_Fig3c\" src=\"/media/2/d/0/3bfef5766aa9f99f5ede434086e6e495a0f0c0cb57215b924d9da4c00bae2.png\" width=\"400\" /><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 3\u0917: \u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940; \u090f\u0915\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939 \u091c\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0917\u092e\u0917\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948!</b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:12px;\">\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u092e\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0932 \u0930\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0913\u092e\u0940 \u090f\u0928\u092a\u0940\u092a\u0940 \u0935\u0940\u0906\u0908\u0906\u0908\u0906\u0930\u090f\u0938 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u095c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0936\u0941\u0906 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0911\u092c\u094d\u091c\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0930, \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e \u0917\u094b\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930</span><br />\r\n<br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img alt=\"U3L1_Fig3d\" src=\"/media/4/1/6/b3022becad1df9ec74b0a431fd60646c87bad41b02201f6fb684fd2defbf7.png\" width=\"400\" /><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 3\u0918: \u092e\u0902\u0917\u0932</b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-70e1cd82-0447-3ffa-07f2-4871733239e0\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:10px;\">(\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u0913\u0938\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0938 \u091f\u0940\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938-\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f \u092b\u0949\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0930\u093f\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e&nbsp;ESA/MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/RSSD/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA -&nbsp;http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2007/02/True-colour_image_of_Mars_seen_by_OSIRIS, \u0938\u0940\u0938\u0940- \u090f\u0938\u090f 3.0-\u0906\u0908\u091c\u0940\u0913 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=56489423)</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<img alt=\"U3L1_Fig3e\" src=\"/media/c/f/e/d564a970fe72a3ecae724cb28aea038dc66517f8dbd7d1f32c0885a881828.png\" width=\"400\" /><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 3 \u0919: \u092c\u0943\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0924\u093f</b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:10px;\">(\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e, \u0908\u090f\u0938\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u090f. \u0938\u093e\u0907\u092e\u0928 (\u0917\u094b\u0921\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u092b\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930)- http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1410a/ \u092f\u093e http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2014/24/image/b/, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=32799232)</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br />\r\n<br />\r\n<img alt=\"U3L1_Fig3f\" src=\"/media/5/c/1/bc01a3218226029155ca728116c3f779606e29785616bb957416d96b87dd4.png\" width=\"400\" /><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 3\u091a: \u0936\u0928\u093f</b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:10px;\">(\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e / \u091c\u0947\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0932 / \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0938 \u0907\u0902\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u091f\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f - http://www.ciclops.org/view/5155/Saturn-Four-Years-On http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/365640main_PIA11141_full.jpg http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA11141, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7228953)</span><br />\r\n<br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img alt=\"U3L1_Fig3g\" src=\"/media/3/e/a/2c50fe819127b089924184e915a509e9be566744dfddf2efea6058bcfed5d.png\" width=\"400\" /><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 3\u091b: \u0905\u0930\u0941\u0923</b></span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size:10px;\">(\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e/\u091c\u0947\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0932-\u0915\u0948\u0932\u091f\u0947\u0915 - http://web.archive.org/web/20090119235457/http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/milestones_show/slide1.html (\u0924\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915) http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA18182 (\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0902\u0915), \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5649239)</span><br />\r\n<br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img alt=\"U3L1_Fig3h\" src=\"/media/6/f/9/27ec6ddc3f1e586c6ede28b1b5aec165c8824f1611e39204dce5346771625.png\" width=\"400\" /><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><b>\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930 3\u091c: \u0935\u0930\u0941\u0923</b></span><br />\r\n<span style=\"font-size:10px;\">(\u0938\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0930: \u0928\u093e\u0938\u093e \u2013 \u091c\u0947\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0930, \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u094b\u092e\u0947\u0928, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=640803)</span><br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><br />\r\n&nbsp;</p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u091a\u0932\u094b \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">1. \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939, \u092a\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0932 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u0947) \u092f\u093e \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 (\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923, \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u092c\u094c\u091b\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0902) \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902?<br />\r\n\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0947\u095c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u093e\u0901, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0902\u0964</span><br />\r\n&nbsp;</div>\r\n\r\n<div><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">2. \u0916\u0917\u094b\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0928\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0927\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901\u0964 (\u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0924\u0915 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u094c\u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<br />\r\n\u092f\u0926\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092a\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0939 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0906\u092a \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u092a\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0941 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964)</span></div>\r\n",
    "content_org": "<p><span style=\"font-size:14px;\"><strong>Procedure:</strong></span></p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>Form groups of nine. One student becomes the Sun, the others become one planet each.</li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Every student should carefully see and remember the revolution period of the planet she has become.</span></li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Fall in the line in the same order as the planets. The Sun, Mercury, Venus,....Neptune. (planets never come in one line like this, we are doing this to understand their order and relative speeds).</span></li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Now, first the Earth should make one revolution (ignore the rotation). The Earth\u2019s speed should such that Mercury should be able to perform four revolutions around the Sun by the time the Earth completes one.</span></li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">After the Earth completes one revolution, rest of the planets can start. Mercury will have to go fast, Venus is little slower, Earth is even more slower. Mars has to go a little slower than the Earth. Jupiter onwards, the planets will have to be very slow. When the Earth completes one revolution, Jupiter should have moved only one-twelfth forward in its orbit and Neptune should move only by one small step.</span></li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">The revolution period of the planets closer to the Sun is smaller. Their orbits are smaller. As you go away from the Sun, the revolution time increases. In <strong>Table 1</strong>, you can see that these planets are very far from the Sun. It takes more than 43 minutes for sunlight to reach to Jupiter and more than four hours to reach to Neptune!. Effectively, their orbits are bigger. So they take more time to cover that distance.</span></li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Observe that when the Earth is on one side and a planet is on the other side of the Sun, that planet will not be visible. So, on any given night, we see only some planets in the sky.</span></li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">Notice that every once in awhile you will see Mercury or Mars coming between the Earth and the Sun. This is very similar to the situation of a Solar eclipse. However, the apparent size of the planets being much smaller than the Moon, they do not cover the entire Sun but appear to be moving on the disk of the Sun, when seen from the Earth (<strong>Figure 2</strong>). Careful observations of the transits are important because they help us determine the size of the planets and the sunspots. The transit of the Earth would be visible from Mars and planets beyond it. Wouldn\u2019t that be interesting?</span></li>\r\n\t<li><span style=\"font-size:14px;\">The planets closer to the Sun are revolving much faster than the planets farther from the Sun. Consequently, when seen from the Earth, some planets are seen at a completely different position after one year and some planets will be almost at the same place. Stars on the other hand, are seen at exactly the same position after one year. That is how we know that one year is complete. Ancient people had noticed that some of the celestial bodies do not follow the pattern that the rest of the stars do. Ancient Greeks named them \u2018plan\u0113tes asteres\u2019, which means \u2018wandering stars\u2019, from where their current name \u2018planets\u2019 is derived. Ancient people also thought that these planets seemed to be more powerful (most planets look brighter than other stars, and can move differently). So they thought that the planets could influence life on the Earth. This is how astrology developed. But now we know why planets appear to move differently than the stars, and why they look brighter! Besides, how would an inanimate object, which is so far away, have any impact on our lives? And why would it differ from person to person? So in case someone tells you that something happened in your life because of the planets, think a bit before you believe it!</span></li>\r\n</ol>",
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    "name": "1.3 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f : \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 (\u0930\u094b\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947)",
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